Long-term neighborhood ethnic composition and weight-related outcomes among immigrants: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Weight among immigrants in the United States (US) is lower than among the US-born on average, but higher among long-term immigrants than the newly arrived. Neighborhood coethnic concentration—the proportion of neighborhood residents of the same ethnic background—may influence weight among immigrants via behavioral norms and market-driven community resources. However, the relevant exposure timeframe may be far longer than is captured by existing cross-sectional and short-term studies. Using detailed historical residential address information on 1449 older Latino and Chinese long-term immigrants, we investigated associations of 10–20-year neighborhood coethnic concentration trajectories with current waist circumference and weight-related behaviors (diet, physical activity, and sedentary time). Among Chinese participants, compared to persistent low coethnic concentration, increasing coethnic concentration was associated with higher waist circumference (difference = 1.45 cm [0.51, 2.39]). In contrast, both increasing coethnic concentration and persistent high coethnic concentration were associated with a healthier diet. Among Latino participants, trajectories characterized by higher coethnic concentration were associated with higher waist circumference (e.g., difference = 2.11 cm [0.31, 3.91] for persistent high vs. persistent low) and low physical activity. Long-term patterns of neighborhood coethnic concentration may affect weight-related outcomes among immigrants in complex ways that differ by ethnicity and outcome.     

香薷的研究进展及其质量标志物预测分析

香薷作为常用解表中药,其化学成分多样,临床应用十分广泛。对香薷进行本草考证、化学成分和主要药理活性总结,并在此基础上结合质量标志物(Q-marker)的核心概念,从生源途径、传统药性药效、药动学和体内过程以及可测成分等方面对香薷Q-marker进行预测分析,为其质量评价提供了理论依据。     

双吲哚马来酰亚胺衍生物L6诱导白血病细胞凋亡机制的研究

目的探讨双吲哚马来酰亚胺衍生物L6诱导白血病细胞的凋亡作用及其分子机制。方法采用MTT比色法检测L6对白血病细胞HEL、K562、KG1a的杀伤作用。流式细胞术检测L6对HEL细胞凋亡、周期和分化的影响。Western blotting法检测细胞凋亡相关蛋白的表达。通过体内实验研究L6治疗小鼠白血病的作用效果。结果 MTT比色法结果显示L6对HEL、K562、KG1a细胞具有比阳性对照米哚妥林(PKC412)更显著的抑制活性,半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为(0.05±0.03)、(0.32±0.01)、(0.19±0.10)μmol/L。L6可以诱导HEL细胞发生凋亡和G2/M期阻滞,诱导HEL细胞向巨核细胞方向分化,且呈剂量效应。Western blotting检测结果表明L6主要通过激活Caspase-3执行细胞凋亡。小鼠肝组织苏木精-伊红(HE)染色显示肝组织内HEL细胞浸润有所减轻,但L6组减轻的效果更明显,表明其可延缓白血病细胞的转移,且效果优于米哚妥林。结论双吲哚马来酰亚胺衍生物L6有较强的抗白血病活性,为新型白血病药物的研发提供参考。     

苓桂术甘汤中多糖结构组成及其抗氧化活性考察

目的:研究苓桂术甘汤中多糖的结构,包括单糖组成以及官能团检测,并对其抗氧化能力进行评估,为体外生物测定法运用于苓桂术甘汤的质量评价提供基础。方法:利用高效凝胶色谱对全方多糖分子量进行研究;进一步采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)柱前衍生化法及红外光谱扫描分析全方多糖结构组成;采用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)及羟基自由基测定全方粗多糖及精多糖的抗氧化能力。结果:全方多糖由单一峰组成,且相对分子质量为3 689 Da,主要由阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、果糖组成,摩尔比为6. 85∶1. 00∶109. 21∶1. 04∶21. 82,其中葡萄糖和果糖为主要组成成分;红外结果显示聚糖结构中存在吡喃糖及糖醛酸,并且糖苷键存在2种立体异构(α-糖苷键及β-糖苷键);抗氧化研究发现全方多糖有一定清除DPPH自由基及羟基自由基的能力,粗多糖的活性优于精多糖。进一步采用LC-Q-TOF-MS对粗多糖中的其他成分进行定性分析,提示这与甘草中五环三萜类成分的吸附有关。结论:苓桂术甘汤中多糖及五环三萜类物质均是苓桂术甘汤抗氧化作用的物质基础,利用体外生物测定法测定抗氧化活性可作为全面控制苓桂术甘汤质量的评价指标。     

Evaluation of anticancer effects of a pharmaceutically viable extract of a traditional polyherbal mixture against non-small-cell lung cancer cells

ObjectiveThe present work tested organic solvents to prepare an extract with anticancer properties from a polyherbal mixture containing Nigella sativa (seeds), Hemidesmus indicus (roots) and Smilax glabra (rhizomes). We evaluate anticancer effects in non-small-cell lung cancer cells (NCI-H292), and discuss optimization for pharmaceutical use in the context of efficacy, yield and toxicity.MethodsUsing different organic solvents, six extracts were prepared from the polyherbal mixture. Based on the cytotoxic effects of these extracts on NCI-H292 cells and normal lung cells (MRC-5), as evaluated by the sulphorhodamine B assay, the total ethyl acetate (T-EA) extract was selected for further analysis. The possible anticancer mechanisms were assessed by evaluating the extract’s effects on apoptosis (through fluorescent microscopic analysis, DNA fragmentation analysis, caspase 3/7 assay and analysis of expression levels of apoptosis-related genes p53, Bax, survivin, Hsp70 and Hsp90), colony formation and antioxidant activity.ResultsThe extract had cytotoxic effects against NCI-H292 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Significant antioxidant activity and inhibition of colony formation were also observed. The expression level of caspase 3/7 significantly (P < 0.001) increased in NCI-H292 cells treated with 50 μg/mL of the extract. The same dosage led to a significant increase in expression levels of Bax and p53 (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively), accompanied by a significant decrease (P < 0.0001) in survivin, Hsp70 and Hsp90.ConclusionT-EA extract of the above polyherbal mixture has cytotoxicity against NCI-H292 cells via induction of apoptosis, antioxidant effects and inhibition of colony formation.     

活体大蒜及离体蒜苗对连作当归胁迫的影响

目的:通过活体大蒜(garlic)及离体蒜苗(garlic sprout)挥发物对当归(Angelica sinensis)的化感效应,探索大蒜挥发性物质对连作当归存在的化感效应,为当归大蒜间作模式缓解连作当归胁迫提供一定的理论依据。方法:试验通过对当归各生长指标及叶片保护酶系统的测定分析,讨论当归在活体大蒜及离体蒜苗挥发物的影响作用下对连作胁迫、无连作胁迫环境的适应性及抗性生长发育机制。结果:整体分析,连作胁迫条件下离体蒜苗对当归幼苗化感效应处理(DC2)下的当归生长指标、叶片保护酶活性较当归单作(CK1)整体提高17. 51%,48. 34%;连作茬口种植活体蒜苗与当归间作处理(LC2)下的当归生长指标、叶片保护酶活性较当归单作(CK2)整体提高16. 63%,36. 65%;即离体蒜苗挥发物较活体大蒜缓解当归连作胁迫作用更显著。结论:无论有无连作障碍胁迫,适当浓度的活体大蒜及离体蒜苗挥发物对当归生长指标及叶片保护酶活性均表现为明显的化感促进作用,其化感促进作用在有连作胁迫条件下表现更显著,因而间作大蒜对当归连作障碍胁迫有一定的缓解作用。     

全麻复合硬膜外麻醉对肺癌根治术患者外周血T细胞亚群及NK细胞活性的影响

目的探讨全麻复合硬膜外麻醉对肺癌根治术患者外周血T细胞亚群及NK细胞活性的影响。方法收集接受肺癌根治术的84例患者的病历资料,按照患者所行麻醉方式的不同对其进行分组,单纯行全麻者42例归为对照组,行全麻复合硬膜外麻醉者42例纳入观察组,分析不同麻醉方式对患者外周血T细胞亚群及NK细胞活性影响的差异性。结果术后24 h观察组与对照组患者的CD3^+、CD4^+、CD8^+、CD4^+/CD8^+、NK细胞水平均较术前明显降低,且术后24 h相比对照组患者的CD3^+、CD4^+、CD8^+、CD4^+/CD8^+、NK细胞水平,观察组患者以上指标水平明显更高(P<0.05)。术后1周2组患者的CD3^+、CD4^+、CD8^+、CD4^+/CD8^+水平与术前相比并无明显差异(P>0.05),但NK细胞水平较术前明显降低(P<0.05),且术后1周相比对照组患者,观察组患者的NK细胞水平更高(P<0.05)。观察组患者的术后苏醒时间、术后拔管时间、自主呼吸恢复时间均明显短于对照组患者,2组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论相比单纯全麻,全麻复合硬膜外麻醉对肺癌根治术患者外周血T细胞亚群及NK细胞活性的影响更小,有助于患者术后的恢复。     

中药抗乙肝病毒活性及作用机制的研究进展

乙肝病毒是一种能导致机体产生急性或慢性乙型肝炎（乙肝）的嗜肝性DNA病毒。乙肝现已成为全球性公共卫生疾病，易恶化发展为肝硬化、肝衰竭，甚至肝癌，严重威胁着人类的健康。中药及其活性成分发挥着重要的抗乙肝病毒活性，对中药抗乙肝病毒活性及其作用机制进行综述，以期为今后抗乙肝病毒研究提供一定的参考。     

Recent advances in preclinical in vitro approaches towards quantitative prediction of hepatic clearance and drug-drug interactions involving organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B transporters

Hepatic uptake mediated by organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1 and 1B3 can serve as a major elimination pathway for various anionic drugs and as a site of drug-drug interactions (DDIs). This article provides an overview of the in vitro approaches used to predict human hepatic clearance (CL_h) and the risk of DDIs involving OATP1Bs. On the basis of the so-called extended clearance concept, in vitro–in vivo extrapolation methods using human hepatocytes as in vitro systems have been used to predict the CL_h involving OATP1B-mediated hepatic uptake. CL_h can be quantitatively predicted using human donor lots possessing adequate OATP1B activities. The contribution of OATP1Bs to hepatic uptake can be estimated by the relative activity factor, the relative expression factor, or selective inhibitor approaches, which offer generally consistent outcomes. In OATP1B1 inhibition assays, substantial substrate dependency was observed. The time-dependent inhibition of OATP1B1 was also noted and may be a mechanism underlying the in vitro–in vivo differences in the inhibition constant of cyclosporine A. Although it is still challenging to quantitatively predict CL_h and DDIs involving OATP1Bs from only preclinical data, understanding the utility and limitation of the current in vitro methods will pave the way for better prediction.     

枇杷叶紫珠化学成分及其细胞毒活性和抗炎活性

目的研究枇杷叶紫珠Callicarpa kochiana的化学成分及其细胞毒活性和抗炎活性。方法枇杷叶紫珠90%丙酮提取物采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、MCI、ODS、重结晶、半制备HPLC进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定所得化合物的结构。采用CCK8法、Griess法、ELISA法测定化合物4~5的细胞毒活性和抗炎活性。结果从中分离得到5个化合物,分别鉴定为3,7,3’,4’-tetramethyl-quercetin (1)、pachypodol (2)、14α-hydroxyisopimaric acid(3)、14α-hydroxy-7,15-isopimaradien-18-oic acid (4)、(16R)-16,17-dihydroxyphyllolladan-3-one (5)。化合物4在一定浓度范围内对7种肿瘤细胞具有不同程度的抑制作用,并可以减少RAW264. 7细胞NO、IL-10、MCP-1、TNF-α的释放量。结论化合物1~5均为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物4具有细胞毒活性和抗炎活性。